The consequence of repetitive loading is clearly of interest to prosthetists and orthotists. A precise knowledge of exactly how repetitive loading characteristics relate to skin trauma and callusing is necessary in day to day practices. Tissue trauma researchers dating back to the 1950s, repeatedly find that the most important factors are the magnitude of friction/shear forces and the number of loading repetitions. Skin adaptations such as hyperkeratoses and callusing are reactions to friction/shear repetitions.
The investigators have found that the friction/shear force is the primary factor determining the amount of micro trauma occurring with each loading cycle. This does not mean that perpendicular loading is not important. There is direct interplay between perpendicular loading, motion, and the friction forces. The essence of friction management is to lower the interface Coefficient of Friction (COF) in areas where the skin is at high risk for trauma. An area-by-area approach allows the maintenance of higher friction (for suspension, traction & control) in low-risk areas.
Shearban® developed by Tamarack Habilitations Technologies, Inc., may be easily applied to specific areas of prosthetic sockets, orthoses, and common insole materials. This opens a practical way to dramatically lower the Coefficient of Friction (COF) in selected areas corresponding to skin irritation, ulceration, callusing, or known at-risk locations. Before friction/shear forces build up to damaging levels, the low-friction interface "releases" the sock and skin. A small amount of sliding occurs between the sock and the low-friction interface, Shearban®. Installation of the low friction interface, Shearban® has virtually no impact on shoe or socket volume, so those collateral effects are eliminated.